• Lists

1. What is ISO 21448:2022?
   ISO 21448 stands for Safety of the Intended Functionality (SOTIF) and is a system standard issued to supplement ISO 26262, the standard for functional safety. This is because, in the case of an autonomous driving system, the possibility of dangerous behavior by the intended function (judgment of the autonomous driving system) should be prevented without any defects covered by the relevant ISO 26262 functional safety.

   The potential risks covered by ISO 21448 are.

   * Inability to accurately recognize the environment
   * Lack of robustness of the system or algorithm, functionality for sensor input changes, heuristics used for fusion, or various environmental conditions
   * Unexpected behavior due to decision algorithms and/or various human expectations

   These factors relate to features, systems, or algorithms that use machine learning, and define measures to eliminate or reduce risks in the following steps to address SOTIF.

   1) Processing and Design Steps
      : Modification of vehicle functionality or sensor performance requirements driven by identified system shortages or hazard scenarios identified during SOTIF activities.
   2)  Verification and inspection steps
      : Technical review, high coverage test cases of relevant scenarios, injection of potential trigger conditions, roof testing of selected SOTIF-related scenarios (e.g. SIL: Software in the loop / HIL: Hardware in the loop / MIL: Model in the loop). & Long-term vehicle testing, test track vehicle testing, simulation testing.
   3)  Working Steps
      : SOTIF Accident Site Monitoring.

2.  Necessity of ISO 21448:2022

   • Reduction of accidents due to prevention of the inability of the function to cause fatal accidents
   • Reduction in human and property damage due to reduced accidents
   • Increasing functional reliability of vehicles equipped with various advanced specifications
   • Increased car sales and corporate image driven by increased confidence in the feature
   • Can preemptively respond to autonomous driving and advanced technologies that will expand further in the future
   • It is a specification related to future technologies, and it is easy to acquire related similar technologies and specifications

3. ISO 21448:2022 Requirements

   1) Scope
   2) Normative references
   3) Terms and definitions
   4) Overview and organization of SOTIF activities
   5) Specification and design
   6) Identification and evaluation of hazards
   7) Identification and evaluation of potential functional insufficiencies and potential triggering conditions
   8) Functional modifications addressing SOTIF-related risks
   9) Definition of the verification and validation strategy
   10) Evaluation of known scenarios   
   11) Evaluation of unknown scenarios
   12) Evaluation of the achievement of the SOTIF
   13) Operation phase activities
   
   Annex A. General guidance on SOTIF
   Annex B. Guidance on scenario and system analyses
   Annex C. Guidance on SOTIF verification and validation
   Annex D. Guidance on specific aspects of SOTIF

If you have any questions, please contact us at the following email address.
E-mail : info@igcert.org